Imamat 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ¹  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ²  and one log of olive oil, ³ 

Imamat 17:15

Regulations for Eating Carcasses

17:15 “‘Any person ⁴  who eats an animal that has died of natural causes ⁵  or an animal torn by beasts, whether a native citizen or a foreigner, ⁶  must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening; then he becomes clean.

Imamat 20:2

20:2 “You are to say to the Israelites, ‘Any man from the Israelites or from the foreigners who reside in Israel ⁷  who gives any of his children ⁸  to Molech ⁹  must be put to death; the people of the land must pelt him with stones. ¹⁰ 

Imamat 25:47

25:47 “‘If a resident foreigner who is with you prospers ¹¹  and your brother becomes impoverished with regard to him so that ¹²  he sells himself to a resident foreigner who is with you or to a member ¹³  of a foreigner’s family,

[14:10]  ¹ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

[14:10]  ² tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

[14:10]  ³ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

[17:15]  ⁴ tn Heb “And any soul” (נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh).

[17:15]  ⁵ tn Heb “carcass,” referring to the carcass of an animal that has died on its own, not the carcass of an animal slaughtered for sacrifice or killed by wild beasts. This has been clarified in the translation by supplying the phrase “of natural causes”; cf. NAB “that died of itself”; TEV “that has died a natural death.”

[17:15]  ⁶ tn Heb “in the native or in the sojourner.”

[20:2]  ⁷ tn Heb “or from the sojourner who sojourns”; NAB “an alien residing in Israel.”

[20:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “his seed” (so KJV, ASV); likewise in vv. 3-4.

[20:2]  ⁹ tn Regarding Molech and Molech worship see the note on Lev 18:21.

[20:2]  ¹⁰ tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning (see instead סָקַל, saqal), but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (רָגָם, ragam; see HALOT 1187 s.v. רגם qal.a, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 136).

[25:47]  ¹¹ tn Heb “And if the hand of a foreigner and resident with you reaches” (cf. v. 26 for this idiom).

[25:47]  ¹² tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.

[25:47]  ¹³ tn Heb “offshoot, descendant.”